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Şablon:Fiziksel sabitler

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Bu şablon, fiziksel sabitlerin CODATA tarafından önerilen güncel değerlerinin makalelere kolayca dahil edilmesini sağlar. Mevcut olan en son değerleri bulundurur ve (genellikle dört yılda bir) yeni değerler yayınlandığında güncellenecektir.

CODATA 2018 değerlerini barındırır. Buna, birçok sabiti kesin değerli olarak düzenlerken (ör. e) öncesinde kesin değerli tanımlanan bazı sabitlere belirsiz değerler atayan 2019 SI temel birimlerinin yeni tanımlamaları dahildir.

Kullanım

[kaynağı değiştir]

Parametreler

[kaynağı değiştir]
symbol
Eğer yes ise değerden önce sabitin sembolünü ekler ve round değerine göre arkasına ≈ veya = ekler.
round
Eğer boş bırakılırsa değer standart belirsizliği ile gösterilir. Eğer n tam sayısına atanırsa değer virgülden sonra n hane içerecek şekilde yuvarlanır (sona gelen sıfırlar gösterilmez).
unit
Eğer no ise birim gösterilmez.
ref
Eğer no ise kaynak gösterilmez, only ise sadece kaynak gösterilir.
after
Sabitten sonra ve kaynaktan önce gösterilecek ifade (ör. noktalama işaretleri).
runc
Eğer yes ise değerin sadece bağıl standart belirsizliği ve bununla ilgili olan kaynak gösterilir.

Mevcut sabitler

[kaynağı değiştir]
Kod Sabit Değer Bağıl standart belirsizlik
a0 Bohr radius a0 = 5,29177210903(80)×10-11 m ur(a0) = 1,5×10-10[1]
alpha fine-structure constant α = 7,2973525693(11)×10-3 ur(α) = 1,5×10-10[2]
A90 conventional ampere A90 = 1,00000008887... A ur(A90) = 0[3]
atm standard atmosphere atm = 101325 Pa ur(atm) = 0[4]
bwien Wien wavelength displacement law constant b = 2,897771955...×10-3 m⋅K ur(b) = 0[5]
bwien' Wien frequency displacement law constant b′ = 5,878925757...×1010 Hz⋅K−1 ur(b′) = 0[6]
c speed of light c = 299792458 m⋅s−1 ur(c) = 0[7]
c1 first radiation constant c1 = 3,741771852...×10-16 W⋅m2 ur(c1) = 0[8]
c1L first radiation constant for spectral radiance c1L = 1,191042972...×10-16 W⋅m2⋅sr−1 ur(c1L) = 0[9]
c2 second radiation constant c2 = 1,438776877...×10-2 m⋅K ur(c2) = 0[10]
C90 conventional coulomb C90 = 1,00000008887... C ur(C90) = 0[11]
DnuCs hyperfine structure transition frequency of caesium-133 Δν(133Cs)hfs = 9192631770 Hz ur(Δν(133Cs)hfs) = 0[12]
e elementary charge e = 1,602176634×10-19 C ur(e) = 0[13]
Eh Hartree energy Eh = 4,3597447222071(85)×10-18 J ur(Eh) = 1,9×10-12[14]
Eh_eV Hartree energy in eV Eh = 27,211386245988(53) eV ur(Eh) = 1,9×10-12[15]
eps0 vacuum electric permittivity ε0 = 8,8541878128(13)×10-12 F⋅m−1 ur(ε0) = 1,5×10-10[16]
eV electronvolt eV = 1,602176634×10-19 J ur(eV) = 0[17]
F Faraday constant F = 9,648533212...×104 C⋅mol−1 ur(F) = 0[18]
F90 conventional farad F90 = 0,99999998220... F ur(F90) = 0[19]
G Newtonian constant of gravitation G = 6,67430(15)×10-11 m3⋅kg−1⋅s−2 ur(G) = 2,2×10-5[20]
G0 conductance quantum G0 = 7,748091729...×10-5 S ur(G0) = 0[21]
g0 standard acceleration of gravity g0 = 9,80665 m⋅s−2 ur(g0) = 0[22]
gammae electron gyromagnetic ratio γe = 1,76085963023(53)×1011 s−1⋅T−1 ur(γe) = 3,0×10-10[23]
gamman neutron gyromagnetic ratio γn = 1,83247171(43)×108 s−1⋅T−1 ur(γn) = 2,4×10-7[24]
gammap proton gyromagnetic ratio γp = 2,6752218744(11)×108 s−1⋅T−1 ur(γp) = 4,2×10-10[25]
ge electron g-factor ge− = -2,00231930436256(35) ur(ge−) = 1,7×10-13[26]
GF/hbarc3 Fermi coupling constant GF/(ħc)3 = 1,1663787(6)×10-5 GeV−2 ur(GF/(ħc)3) = 5,1×10-7[27]
gmu muon g-factor gμ− = -2,0023318418(13) ur(gμ−) = 6,3×10-10[28]
gn neutron g-factor gn = -3,82608545(90) ur(gn) = 2,4×10-7[29]
gp proton g-factor gp = 5,5856946893(16) ur(gp) = 2,9×10-10[30]
h Planck constant h = 6,62607015×10-34 J⋅Hz−1 ur(h) = 0[31]
h_eV/Hz Planck constant in eV/Hz h = 4,135667696...×10-15 eV⋅Hz−1 ur(h) = 0[32]
H90 conventional henry H90 = 1,00000001779... H ur(H90) = 0[33]
hbar reduced Planck constant ħ = 1,054571817...×10-34 J⋅s ur(ħ) = 0[34]
hbar_eVs reduced Planck constant in eV⋅s ħ = 6,582119569...×10-16 eV⋅s ur(ħ) = 0[35]
h/2me quantum of circulation h/2me = 3,6369475516(11)×10-4 m2⋅s−1 ur(h/2me) = 3,0×10-10[36]
invalpha inverse fine-structure constant 1/α = 137,035999084(21) ur(1/α) = 1,5×10-10[37]
invG0 inverse conductance quantum G0−1 = 12906,40372... Ω ur(G0−1) = 0[38]
k Boltzmann constant k = 1,380649×10-23 J⋅K−1 ur(k) = 0[39]
KJ Josephson constant KJ = 483597,8484...×109 Hz⋅V−1 ur(KJ) = 0[40]
KJ90 conventional value of Josephson constant KJ-90 = 483597,9×109 Hz⋅V−1 ur(KJ-90) = 0[41]
lP Planck length lP = 1,616255(18)×10-35 m ur(lP) = 1,1×10-5[42]
malpha alpha particle mass mα = 6,6446573357(20)×10-27 kg ur(mα) = 3,0×10-10[43]
malphac2_GeV alpha particle mass energy equivalent in GeV mαc2 = 3,7273794066(11) GeV ur(mαc2) = 3,0×10-10[44]
md deuteron mass md = 3,3435837724(10)×10-27 kg ur(md) = 3,0×10-10[45]
md_Da deuteron mass in daltons md = 2,013553212745(40) Da ur(md) = 2,0×10-11[46]
me electron mass me = 9,1093837015(28)×10-31 kg ur(me) = 3,0×10-10[47]
me_Da electron mass in daltons me = 5,48579909065(16)×10-4 Da ur(me) = 2,9×10-11[48]
mec2_MeV electron mass energy equivalent in MeV mec2 = 0,51099895000(15) MeV ur(mec2) = 3,0×10-10[49]
mh helion mass mh = 5,0064127796(15)×10-27 kg ur(mh) = 3,0×10-10[50]
mh_Da helion mass in daltons mh = 3,014932247175(97) Da ur(mh) = 3,2×10-11[51]
mmu muon mass mμ = 1,883531627(42)×10-28 kg ur(mμ) = 2,2×10-8[52]
mmu/me muon-to-electron mass ratio mμ/me = 206,7682830(46) ur(mμ/me) = 2,2×10-8[53]
mn neutron mass mn = 1,67492749804(95)×10-27 kg ur(mn) = 5,7×10-10[54]
mn_Da neutron mass in daltons mn = 1,00866491595(49) Da ur(mn) = 4,8×10-10[55]
mnc2_MeV neutron mass energy equivalent in MeV mnc2 = 939,56542052(54) MeV ur(mnc2) = 5,7×10-10[56]
mP Planck mass mP = 2,176434(24)×10-8 kg ur(mP) = 1,1×10-5[57]
mp proton mass mp = 1,67262192369(51)×10-27 kg ur(mp) = 3,1×10-10[58]
mp_Da proton mass in daltons mp = 1,007276466621(53) Da ur(mp) = 5,3×10-11[59]
mp/me proton-to-electron mass ratio mp/me = 1836,15267343(11) ur(mp/me) = 6,0×10-11[60]
mpc2_MeV proton mass energy equivalent in MeV mpc2 = 938,27208816(29) MeV ur(mpc2) = 3,1×10-10[61]
mtau tau mass mτ = 3,16754(21)×10-27 kg ur(mτ) = 6,8×10-5[62]
MC12 molar mass of carbon-12 M(12C) = 11,9999999958(36)×10-3 kg⋅mol−1 ur(M(12C)) = 3,0×10-10[63]
Mu molar mass constant Mu = 0,99999999965(30)×10-3 kg⋅mol−1 ur(Mu) = 3,0×10-10[64]
mu atomic mass constant mu = 1,66053906660(50)×10-27 kg ur(mu) = 3,0×10-10[65]
muc2 atomic mass constant energy equivalent muc2 = 1,49241808560(45)×10-10 J ur(muc2) = 3,0×10-10[66]
muc2_MeV atomic mass constant energy equivalent in MeV muc2 = 931,49410242(28) MeV ur(muc2) = 3,0×10-10[67]
mu0 vacuum magnetic permeability μ0 = 1,25663706212(19)×10-6 N⋅A−2 ur(μ0) = 1,5×10-10[68]
muB Bohr magneton μB = 9,2740100783(28)×10-24 J⋅T−1 ur(μB) = 3,0×10-10[69]
mue electron magnetic moment μe = -9,2847647043(28)×10-24 J⋅T−1 ur(μe) = 3,0×10-10[70]
mue/muB electron magnetic moment to Bohr magneton ratio μe/μB = -1,00115965218128(18) ur(μe/μB) = 1,7×10-13[71]
mumu muon magnetic moment μμ = -4,49044830(18)×10-26 J⋅T−1 ur(μμ) = 2,2×10-8[72]
muN nuclear magneton μN = 5,0507837461(15)×10-27 J⋅T−1 ur(μN) = 3,1×10-10[73]
mun neutron magnetic moment μn = -9,6623651(23)×10-27 J⋅T−1 ur(μn) = 2,4×10-7[74]
mun/muN neutron magnetic moment to nuclear magneton ratio μn/μN = -1,91304273(45) ur(μn/μN) = 2,4×10-7[75]
mup proton magnetic moment μp = 1,41060679736(60)×10-26 J⋅T−1 ur(μp) = 4,2×10-10[76]
mup/muB proton magnetic moment to Bohr magneton ratio μp/μB = 1,52103220230(46)×10-3 ur(μp/μB) = 3,0×10-10[77]
mup/muN proton magnetic moment to nuclear magneton ratio μp/μN = 2,79284734463(82) ur(μp/μN) = 2,9×10-10[78]
mW/mZ W-to-Z mass ratio mW/mZ = 0,88153(17) ur(mW/mZ) = 1,9×10-4[79]
NA Avogadro constant NA = 6,02214076×1023 mol−1 ur(NA) = 0[80]
NAh molar Planck constant NAh = 3,990312712...×10-10 J⋅Hz−1⋅mol−1 ur(NAh) = 0[81]
ohm90 conventional ohm Ω90 = 1,00000001779... Ω ur(Ω90) = 0[82]
Phi0 magnetic flux quantum Φ0 = 2,067833848...×10-15 Wb ur(Φ0) = 0[83]
R molar gas constant R = 8,314462618... J⋅mol−1⋅K−1 ur(R) = 0[84]
re classical electron radius re = 2,8179403262(13)×10-15 m ur(re) = 4,5×10-10[85]
Rinf Rydberg constant R∞ = 10973731,568160(21) m−1 ur(R∞) = 1,9×10-12[86]
RK von Klitzing constant RK = 25812,80745... Ω ur(RK) = 0[87]
RK90 conventional value of von Klitzing constant RK-90 = 25812,807 Ω ur(RK-90) = 0[88]
rp proton root-mean-square charge radius rp = 0,8414(19) fm ur(rp) = 2,2×10-3[89]
sigma Stefan–Boltzmann constant σ = 5,670374419...×10-8 W⋅m−2⋅K−4 ur(σ) = 0[90]
sigmae Thomson cross section σe = 6,6524587321(60)×10-29 m2 ur(σe) = 9,1×10-10[91]
TP Planck temperature TP = 1,416784(16)×1032 K ur(TP) = 1,1×10-5[92]
tP Planck time tP = 5,391247(60)×10-44 s ur(tP) = 1,1×10-5[93]
V90 conventional volt V90 = 1,00000010666... V ur(V90) = 0[94]
VmSi molar volume of silicon Vm(Si) = 1,205883199(60)×10-5 m3⋅mol−1 ur(Vm(Si)) = 4,9×10-8[95]
W90 conventional watt W90 = 1,00000019553... W ur(W90) = 0[96]
Z0 characteristic impedance of vacuum Z0 = 376,730313668(57) Ω ur(Z0) = 1,5×10-10[97]

Örnekler

[kaynağı değiştir]

{{Fiziksel sabitler|c|unit=no|after= [[Metre bölü saniye|metre/saniye]].}}

299792458 metre/saniye.[7]

{{Fiziksel sabitler|mu0|symbol=yes}}

μ0 = 1,25663706212(19)×10-6 N⋅A−2[68]

{{Fiziksel sabitler|G|symbol=yes}}

G = 6,67430(15)×10-11 m3⋅kg−1⋅s−2[20]

{{Fiziksel sabitler|hbar|round=2|symbol=yes}}

ħ ≈ 1,05×10-34 J⋅s[34]

''m''<sub>u</sub>'nin bağıl standart belirsizliği {{Fiziksel sabitler|mu|runc=yes|after='dir}}

mu'nin bağıl standart belirsizliği 3,0×10-10'dir[65]

Elektron kütlesi {{Fiziksel sabitler|me|runc=yes|symbol=yes|ref=no}}.

Elektron kütlesi ur(me) = 3,0×10-10.

[[Temel yük]]ün CODATA değeri NIST tarafından yayınlandı.{{Fiziksel sabitler|e|ref=only}}

Temel yükün CODATA değeri NIST tarafından yayınlandı.[13]

Ayrıca bakınız

[kaynağı değiştir]
  • /data, verileri içeren alt şablon

Kaynakça

[kaynağı değiştir]
  1. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Bohr radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  2. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  3. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of ampere-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-06-01. 
  4. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: standard atmosphere". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  5. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Wien wavelength displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  6. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Wien frequency displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  7. ^ a b "2018 CODATA Value: speed of light in vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  8. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: first radiation constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  9. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: first radiation constant for spectral radiance". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  10. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: second radiation constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  11. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of coulomb-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-06-01. 
  12. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: hyperfine transition frequency of Cs-133". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-08-18. 
  13. ^ a b "2018 CODATA Value: elementary charge". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  14. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Hartree energy". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  15. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Hartree energy in eV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-09-01. 
  16. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: vacuum electric permittivity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  17. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: electron volt". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  18. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Faraday constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  19. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of farad-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-06-01. 
  20. ^ a b "2018 CODATA Value: Newtonian constant of gravitation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  21. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  22. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: standard acceleration of gravity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  23. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: electron gyromagnetic ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-19. 
  24. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: neutron gyromagnetic ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-19. 
  25. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: proton gyromagnetic ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-19. 
  26. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: electron g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2020-03-13. 
  27. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  28. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: muon g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  29. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: neutron g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2023-06-13. 
  30. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: proton g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-03-08. 
  31. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2021-04-28. 
  32. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck constant in eV/Hz". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2021-04-29. 
  33. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of henry-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-06-01. 
  34. ^ a b "2018 CODATA Value: reduced Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-08-28. 
  35. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: reduced Planck constant in eV s". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2021-04-29. 
  36. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: quantum of circulation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  37. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: inverse fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  38. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: inverse of conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  39. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  40. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Josephson constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  41. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of Josephson constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  42. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck length". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  43. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: alpha particle mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-10. 
  44. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: alpha particle mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-11. 
  45. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: deuteron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-11. 
  46. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: deuteron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-11. 
  47. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: electron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  48. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: electron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2020-06-21. 
  49. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: electron mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-07-11. 
  50. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: helion mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-11. 
  51. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: helion mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-11. 
  52. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: muon mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  53. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: muon-electron mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-24. 
  54. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: neutron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-08-23. 
  55. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: neutron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2020-06-24. 
  56. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: neutron mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-11. 
  57. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  58. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: proton mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  59. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: proton mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-11. 
  60. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: proton-electron mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  61. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: proton mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-11. 
  62. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: tau mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  63. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: molar mass of carbon-12". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  64. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: molar mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  65. ^ a b "2018 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  66. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-07-21. 
  67. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-07-21. 
  68. ^ a b "2018 CODATA Value: vacuum magnetic permeability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  69. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Bohr magneton". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  70. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: electron magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-10. 
  71. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: electron magnetic moment to Bohr magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-10. 
  72. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: muon magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-10. 
  73. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: nuclear magneton". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  74. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: neutron magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-17. 
  75. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: neutron magnetic moment to nuclear magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-17. 
  76. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: proton magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-17. 
  77. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: proton magnetic moment to Bohr magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2023-06-12. 
  78. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: proton magnetic moment to nuclear magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-17. 
  79. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: W to Z mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-12-21. 
  80. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Avogadro constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  81. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: molar Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  82. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of ohm-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-06-01. 
  83. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: magnetic flux quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  84. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: molar gas constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  85. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: classical electron radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  86. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  87. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: von Klitzing constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  88. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of von Klitzing constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  89. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: proton rms charge radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2022-09-12. 
  90. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Stefan–Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  91. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Thomson cross section". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  92. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck temperature". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  93. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck time". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-05-20. 
  94. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of volt-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-06-01. 
  95. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: molar volume of silicon". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-06-23. 
  96. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of watt-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-06-01. 
  97. ^ "2018 CODATA Value: characteristic impedance of vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. Erişim tarihi: 2019-10-31. 
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