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RIZE, a town on the northern, Black Sea coast of Asia Minor, in the eastern part of classical Pontus and in the later mediaeval Islamic Lazistan, now in the Turkish Republic
Rize is mentioned in early 13th/19th century sources in connection with the Tuzdju-oghullari, a local a^ydn family which rebelled against Sultan Mahmud II in 1229-32/1814-17 and again in 1234- 7/1818-21 and 1248-50/1832-4. The Tuzdju-oghullari had been influential in the area since at least the mid12th/18th century. They engaged in trade and agriculture—Bizhishkian praised the area's handsome orange and lemon groves, while maize by this date had already replaced millet as the principal food grain. Peasants unable to repay their debts to the Tuzdju-oghullari had to hand over their land and work it as sharecroppers, a situation which entailed political loyalty toward this landholding a^ydn family. The latter paid the area's taxes as a lump sum (maktu*), and at the height of their power, the central government's tax collectors could not enter the area. A handsome palace in Rize attested the power of the family. However, competition with another powerholder, who had succeeded in obtaining the governship of Trabzon, resulted in an uprising on the part of Memish Agha, the head of the Tuzdju-oghullari. After recurrent revolts and considerable bloodshed, the principal members of the family surrendered and were banished to Ruse/Rusc'uk and Varna.
In 1294-5/1877-8, Rize became part of the newlyestablished sub-province (sana^ak) of Lazistan and was promoted to the rank of provincial capital (The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Rize)
