Hint astronomisi

Hint astronomisi, Hint alt kıtasında uygulanan astronomiyi ifade eder. Tarihi, tarih öncesi dönemlerden modern zamanlara kadar uzanır. Hint astronomisinin en eski kökleri, İndus Vadisi Uygarlığı dönemine veya daha öncesine kadar tarihlendirilebilir.^[1]^[2] Astronomi, daha sonra MÖ 1500 veya daha eski tarihlere dayanan Vedaların incelenmesiyle ilişkili "yardımcı disiplinlerden" biri olan Vedanga'nın bir disiplini olarak gelişti.^[3] Bilinen en eski metin, MÖ 1400-1200'e tarihlenen Vedanga Jyotisha'dır (mevcut hali muhtemelen MÖ 700-600'den kalmadır).^[4]

Hint astronomisi, MÖ 4. yüzyıldan itibaren Yunan astronomisinden etkilenmiştir^[5]^[6]^[6] ve bu etki, Miladi takvimin ilk yüzyıllarına kadar devam etmiştir. Örneğin, Yavanajataka^[5] ve Romaka Siddhanta (MS 2. yüzyıldan itibaren yayılan bir Yunan metninin Sanskritçe çevirisi) bu etkileşimlerin örneklerindendir.^[7]

Hint astronomisi, 5-6. yüzyılda, Aryabhata ile zirveye ulaştı. Aryabhata'nın onun eseri Aryabhatiya, o dönemdeki astronomi bilgisinin doruk noktası olarak kabul edilir. Aryabhatiya, zaman birimleri, gezegenlerin konumlarının belirlenme yöntemleri, gece ve gündüzün nedenleri ve diğer kozmolojik kavramlar gibi konuları kapsayan dört bölümden oluşur.^[8] Hint astronomisi, daha sonra İslam astronomisi, Çin astronomisi, Avrupa astronomisi ve diğerlerini kayda değer ölçüde etkilemiştir. Aryabhata'nın çalışmalarını daha da geliştiren klasik dönem astronomları arasında Brahmagupta, Varahamihira ve Lalla bulunur.

Belirgin bir yerli Hint astronomi geleneği, özellikle Kerala astronomi ve matematik okulunda, Orta Çağ boyunca ve 16. veya 17. yüzyıla kadar aktifti.

(Soldan sağa): Aryabhata, büyük Hintli matematikçi ve astronom; Jantar Mantar, Raja Jai Singh tarafından yapılmış astronomik gözlemevi; Suryasiddhanta, bir astronomi risalesi.

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

Özel

^ Pierre-Yves Bely; Carol Christian; Jean-René Roy (11 Mart 2010). A Question and Answer Guide to Astronomy. Cambridge University Press. s. 197. ISBN 9780521180665.
^ Ashfaque, Syed Mohammad (1977). "Astronomy in the Indus Valley Civilization A Survey of the Problems and Possibilities of the Ancient Indian Astronomy and Cosmology in the Light of Indus Script Decipherment by the Finnish Scholars". Centaurus. 21 (2). ss. 149-193. Bibcode:1977Cent...21..149A. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1977.tb00351.x .
^ Sarma 2008a.
^ Subbarayappa, B. V. (14 Eylül 1989). "Indian astronomy: An historical perspective". Biswas, S. K.; Mallik, D. C. V.; Vishveshwara, C. V. (Ed.). Cosmic Perspectives. Cambridge University Press. ss. 25-40. ISBN 978-0-521-34354-1.
^ ^a ^b Highlights of Astronomy, Volume 11B: As presented at the XXIIIrd General Assembly of the IAU, 1997. Johannes Andersen Springer, 31 January 1999 – Science – 616 pages. page 721
^ ^a ^b Babylon to Voyager and Beyond: A History of Planetary Astronomy. David Leverington. Cambridge University Press, 29 May 2010 – Science – 568 pages. page 41
^ Foreign Impact on Indian Life and Culture (c. 326 B.C. to C. 300 A.D.). Satyendra Nath Naskar. Abhinav Publications, 1 January 1996 – History – 253 pages. Pages 56–57
^ Clark, Walter (1930). Aryabhatiya: An Ancient Indian Work on Mathematics and Astronomy – An English Translation (İngilizce). The University of Chicago Press.

Genel

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Hayashi, Takao (2008), Aryabhata I, Encyclopædia Britannica.
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Konuyla ilgili yayınlar

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Kak, S. C. (1 January 1993). Astronomy of the vedic altars. Vistas in Astronomy: Part 1, 36, 117–140.
Kak, Subhash C. "Archaeoastronomy and literature." Current Science 73.7 (1997): 624–627.

[question2-1] Pierre-Yves Bely; Carol Christian; Jean-René Roy (11 Mart 2010). A Question and Answer Guide to Astronomy. Cambridge University Press. s. 197. ISBN 9780521180665.

[wiley2-2] Ashfaque, Syed Mohammad (1977). "Astronomy in the Indus Valley Civilization A Survey of the Problems and Possibilities of the Ancient Indian Astronomy and Cosmology in the Light of Indus Script Decipherment by the Finnish Scholars". Centaurus. 21 (2). ss. 149-193. Bibcode:1977Cent...21..149A. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1977.tb00351.x .

[FOOTNOTESarma2008a-3] Sarma 2008a.

[Cosmic-4] Subbarayappa, B. V. (14 Eylül 1989). "Indian astronomy: An historical perspective". Biswas, S. K.; Mallik, D. C. V.; Vishveshwara, C. V. (Ed.). Cosmic Perspectives. Cambridge University Press. ss. 25-40. ISBN 978-0-521-34354-1.

[Andersen2-5] Highlights of Astronomy, Volume 11B: As presented at the XXIIIrd General Assembly of the IAU, 1997. Johannes Andersen Springer, 31 January 1999 – Science – 616 pages. page 721

[Leverington3-6] Babylon to Voyager and Beyond: A History of Planetary Astronomy. David Leverington. Cambridge University Press, 29 May 2010 – Science – 568 pages. page 41

[Naskar2-7] Foreign Impact on Indian Life and Culture (c. 326 B.C. to C. 300 A.D.). Satyendra Nath Naskar. Abhinav Publications, 1 January 1996 – History – 253 pages. Pages 56–57

[8] Clark, Walter (1930). Aryabhatiya: An Ancient Indian Work on Mathematics and Astronomy – An English Translation (İngilizce). The University of Chicago Press.

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