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Hemidactylus turcicus

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Hemidactylus turcicus
Korunma durumu

Asgari endişe altında (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Biyolojik sınıflandırma Bu sınıflandırmayı düzenle
Âlem: Animalia
Şube: Chordata
Sınıf: Squamata
Familya: Gekkonidae
Cins: Hemidactylus
Tür: H. turcicus
İkili adlandırma
Hemidactylus turcicus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Hemidactylus turcicus, Hemidactylus cinsine bağlı bir geko türüdür.[2] Bölgesel adlandırmaları arasında "Süleymancık", "Türk keleri"[3] veya "Geniş parmaklı keler"[4] yer alır.

Özellikleri

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Genel olarak küçüktür. Yaklaşık olarak 10-13 cm (4-5 inç) uzunluğunda, yapışkan parmaklı, yatay gözbebekli ve gözkapaksız iri gözleri vardır.[5] Açık kahverengi veya grimsi üst kısmında koyu renkli noktalar bulunur, alt kısımları genel olarak beyazdır.[6]


Dağılım ve habitat

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Akdeniz bölgesine ve iklimine özgü[7] olsa da dünyanın her yerinde dağılım gösterir. Portekiz, İspanya, Fransa, İtalya, Yunanistan, İsrail, Arnavutluk, Malta, Bulgaristan, Kuzey Makedonya, Hırvatistan kıyıları, Bosna-Hersek, Kıbrıs, Türkiye, Fas'ın kuzey kısımları, Cezayir, Tunus, Ürdün, Suriye, Libya, Mısır, Lübnan, Yemen'in kuzeyi, Somali, Kenya, İran'ın güneyi, Irak, Umman, Katar, Pakistan, Hindistan, Panama, Porto Riko, Belize, Meksika[8] ve Küba'da da görülür.

İnsanların yerleşim alanlarında, kayalıklarda ve mağaralarda yaşar. Yığıntılarda, tavan aralarında veya bina yıkıntılarında yuvalanabilirler.[9]

Ekoloji

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Yaşam döngüsü

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Dört aydan bir yıla kadar yetişkinliğe erişir. Erkekler, bir eşi çekmek için tıklama sesleri çıkarır ve dişi kendi gıcırtılarına tepki verir. Ayrıca, daha yüksek döllenme başarısı ile sonuçlanan daha güçlü ısırıklarla çiftleşme ısırmaları sergiler. İç döllenme yaşar. Üreme mevsimi tipik olarak her yıl nisandan ağustosa kadardır ve yumurtalar mayıs ortasından ağustos ayına kadar ortalama iki pençe büyüklüğünde serilir. Dişileri döllenmeyi geciktirir ve spermi infundibulum adı verilen huni şeklindeki bir organda beş aya kadar saklayabilir. Bu nedenle, kesin gebelik süresi bilinmemektedir, ancak yaklaşık 40 gün olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Ebeveyn bakımı sağlamaz, erkeklerin yavruları ısıracak kadar ileri gittiği gözlemlenmemiştir.[10]

Besin kaynağı

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Besinleri böcek ve örümcek türlerini içerir. Görsel avcılardır ve av seçimleri avın ölü veya diri olmasına göre değişir. Genel olarak canlı olanları tercih eder.[10]

Galeri

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Konuyla ilgili yayınlar

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  • Franklin, Carl J. 1997 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus. Herpetological Review 28 (2): 96
  • Burke, Russell L. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus. Herpetological Review 27 (1): 32
  • Davis, W.K. 1974 The Mediterranean gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus in Texas J. Herpetol. 8(1): 77–80.
  • Dowling, Richard G. 1996 The Mediterranean Gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus, in Prattville, Alabama Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 21 (11): 203
  • Dundee, H. A. 1984 Hemidactylus turcicus (Mediterranean gecko) Herp Review 15 (1): 20
  • Frick, Michael G. 1997 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus Herpetological Review 28 (1): 50
  • Husak, Jerry F. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus Herpetological Review 27 (4): 211
  • Jensen, Steve L.;George, Steven G. 1993 Hemidactylus turcicus (Mediterranean gecko). USA: Louisiana Herpetological Review 24 (4): 154
  • Knight, C. Michael 1993 A northern range extension of Hemidactylus turcicus in the United States Dactylus 2 (2): 49-50
  • Means, Ryan C. 1999 Geographic distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus Herpetological Review 30 (1): 52
  • Proudfoot, Glenn;McCoid, Michael James 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus Herpetological Review 27 (2): 87
  • Ray, John;Cochran, Betsy 1997 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus Herpetological Review 28 (3): 157
  • Williams, Avery A. 1997 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus Herpetological Review 28 (2): 96
  • Rose, F., Barbour, C. (1968). Ecology and reproductive cycles of the introduced gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus, in the southern United States. The American Midland Naturalist, 79/1: 159-168.
  • Klawinski, P. (1992). Home range, activity, and spatial distribution of the Mediterranean gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus (Master's Thesis). Nacogdoches, Texas: Stephen F. Austin State University.
  • Anderson, Steven C (1999) The lizards of Iran.: Contributions to Herpetology Volume 15, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Saint Louis, Missouri: i-vii, 1-442 [review in Copeia 2000 (4): 1144]
  • Barbour, Thomas (1936) Two introduced lizards in Miami, Florida.: Copeia 1936 (2): 113
  • Bauer, A. M.; T. R. Jackman, E. Greenbaum & T. Gamble (2008) Phylogenetic relationships of the Italian gekkotan fauna.: Herpetologia Sardiniae (Claudia Corti, ed.), Edizioni Belvedere, 504 pp
  • Broggi, Mario F. (2014) The herpetofauna of Kimolos (Milos Archipelago, Greece).: Herpetozoa 27 (1/2): 102-103
  • Buchholz, K. F. (1954) Ein neuer Hemidactylus von den Balearen (Rept. Geckonidae).: Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 5:68.
  • Burke, Russell L. (1996) Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus.: Herpetological Review 27 (1): 32
  • Davis, W.K. (1974) The Mediterranean gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus in Texas.: Journal of Herpetology 8 (1): 77-80
  • Degenhardt, William G.; C. W. Painter, and A. H. Price (1996) Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico.: Univ. New Mexico Press, 431 pp.
  • Dowling, Richard G. (1996) The Mediterranean Gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus, in Prattville, Alabama.: Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 21 (11): 203
  • Engelmann,W.E. et al. (1993) Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas.: Neumann Verlag (Radebeul, Germany), 440 pp.
  • Etheridge, Richard E. (1952) The Warty Gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus turcicus (Linnaeus), in New Orleans, Louisiana.: Copeia 1952 (1): 47-48
  • Farr, William L. (2015) Geographic Distribution: Hemidactylus turcicus (Mediterranean gecko).: Herpetological Review 46 (4): 570
  • Gibbons, Whit; Judy Greene, and Tony Mills (2009) LIZARDS AND CROCODILIANS OF THE SOUTHEAST.: University of Georgia Press, 240 pp
  • Gruber, U. (1974) Zur Taxonomie und Okologie der Reptilien von der Insel Antikythira.: Salamandra 10 (1): 31-41
  • Gruber,U. & Fuchs,D. (1977) Die Herpetofauna des Paros-Archipels (Zentral-Ägäis).: Salamandra 13 (2): 60-77
  • Husak, Jerry F. (1996) Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus.: Herpetological Review 27 (4): 211
  • Johnson, J.B.; McBrayer, L.D. & Saenz, D. (2005) ALLOMETRY, SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM, AND NICHE PARTITIONING IN THE MEDITERRANEAN GECKO (HEMIDACTYLUS TURCICUS).: Southwestern Naturalist 50 (4): 435-439
  • Jongbloed, M. (2000) Field Guide to the reptiles and amphibians of the UAE - Wild about reptiles.: Barkers Trident Communications, 116 pp.
  • Kasapidis, Panagiotis;Provatidou, Sofia;Maragou, Panagiota;Valakos, Efstratios D. (1996) Neue Daten über die Herpetofauna von Lesbos (ägäische Inseln, Griechenland) und einige biogeographische Bemerkungen über die Inseln des nordöstlichen ägäischen Archipels.: Salamandra 32 (3): 171-180
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  • Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.: Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ. 10th Edition: 824 pp.
  • Livo, Lauren J.; Hammerson, Geoffrey A.; Smith, Hobart M. (1998) Summary of amphibians and reptiles introduced into Colorado.: Northwestern Naturalist 79(1):1-11
  • MOHAMMED, Rihab Ghaleb; Nasrullah RASTEGAR-POUYANI, Rasoul KARAMIANI and Fadhil Abbas RHADI (2015) THE LIZARD FAUNA OF AL-NAJAF PROVINCE, SOUTHERN IRAQ: Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Science Science Journal (CSJ) 36 (3): 21-30
  • Malkmus, R. (1995) Die Amphibien und Reptilien Portugals, Madeiras und der Azoren.: Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei, Bd. 621. Westarp Wissenschaften (Magdeburg)/Spektrum Akademischer Verlag (Heidelberg)
  • McCallum, Malcolm L. and Jamie L. McCallum. (2014) Ecological release of an exotic species upon suppression of its invasive predator: A five-year case study, with notes on other species, and the life history of the Mediterranean Gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus.: The Journal of North American Herpetology 2014(1):21-27
  • McCoy, C. J. (1970) Hemidactylus turcicus.: Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (87
  • Means, Ryan C. (1999) Geographic distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus.: Herpetological Review 30 (1): 52
  • Mediani, Mohamed; José Carlos Brito, Soumia Fahd (2015) Atlas of the amphibians and reptiles of northern Morocco: updated distribution and patterns of habitat selection.: Basic and Applied Herpetology 29
  • Meshaka Jr., Walter E. (2011) A RUNAWAY TRAIN IN THE MAKING: THE EXOTIC AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, TURTLES, AND CROCODILIANS OF FLORIDA.: Herp. Cons. Biol. 6 (Monograph 1): 1-101
  • Moravec, Jiri & Böhme, Wolfgang (1997) A new subspecies of the Mediterranean gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus from the Syrian lava desert. (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae).: Herpetozoa 10 (3-4): 121-128
  • Mutz, T.; Mutz, M. & Obst, F.-J. (1999) Herpetologische Impressionen von Sardinien.: Elaphe 7 (3): 76-80
  • Neill, W.T.C. (1951) The Type Locality of the Mediterranean Gecko, Hemidactylus t. turcicus (Linnaeus)The Type Locality of the Mediterranean Gecko, Hemidactylus t. turcicus (Linnaeus).: Copeia 1951 (4): 311
  • Proudfoot, Glenn;McCoid, Michael James (1996) Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus.: Herpetological Review 27 (2): 87
  • RASTEGAR-POUYANI, NASRULLAH; HAJI GHOLI KAMI, MEHDI RAJABZADEH, SOHEILA SHAFIEI AND STEVEN CLEMENT ANDERSON (2008) Annotated Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Iran.: Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 4 (1): 7-30
  • Risso, A. (1826) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Vol. 3.: F.-G. Levrault, Paris
  • Rodri´guez Schettino, Lourdes, Carlos A. Mancina & Vilma Rivalta Gonza´lez (2013) REPTILES OF CUBA: CHECKLIST AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS.: Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (144): 1-96
  • Ro¨sler, Herbert (2015) Bemerkungen über einige Geckos der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München.: Gekkota, Suppl. (2): 3-54
  • Rösler, H. & Wranik, W. (2004) A key and annotated checklist to the reptiles of the Socotra archipelago.: Fauna of Arabia 20: 505-534
  • Schleich, H.H. (1987) Contributions to the herpetology of Kouf National Park (NE-Libya) and adjacent areas.: Spixiana 10 (1): 37-80.
  • Sehnal, P. & Schuster, A. (1999) Herpetologische Beobachtungen auf der Kvarnerinsel Cres, Kroatien. Ergebnisse von fünf Exkursionen.: Herpetozoa 12 (3-4): 163-178
  • Sindaco, R. & Jeremcenko, V.K. (2008) The reptiles of the Western Palearctic.: Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 579 pp.
  • Sindaco, Roberto; Alberto Venchi, Giuseppe M. Carpaneto, Marco A. Bologna (2000) The Reptiles of Anatolia: a Checklist and Zoogeographical analysis.: Biogeographia, 21-2000: 441-554.
  • Vázquez Díaz, Joel;Quintero Díaz, Gustavo E. (2005) Anfibios y Reptiles de Aguascalientes [2nd ed.].: CONABIO, CIEMA, 318 pp.
  • Yildiz M.Z.; Göcmen, B.; Akman, B. & Yalcinkaya D. (2007) New Localities for Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Sauria: Gekkonidae) in Anatolia, Turkey, with notes on their morphology.: North-Western Journal of Zoology 3 (1): 24-33
  • van der Kooij, Jeroen (2001) The herpetofauna of the Sultanate of Oman: Part 2: the geckoes.: Podarcis 1 (4): 105-120
  • ŠMÍD, JIRÍ; JIRÍ MORAVEC, MIKE ZAWADZKI & MARTEN VAN DEN BERG (2015) One subspecies less for the European herpetofauna: the taxonomic and nomenclatural status of Hemidactylus turcicus spinalis (Reptilia: Gekkonidae).: Zootaxa 3911 (3): 443–446
  • Šmíd, Jirí; Salvador Carranza, Lukáš Kratochvíl, Václav Gvoždík, Abdul Karim Nasher, Jirí Moravec (2013) Out of Arabia: A Complex Biogeographic History of Multiple Vicariance and Dispersal Events in the Gecko Genus Hemidactylus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae).: PLoS ONE 8(5): e64018
  • Al-Shammari, Ahmed M. (2012) Additional Records of Lizards in Ha'il Province, Saudi Arabia.: Russ. J. Herpetol. 19 (4): 287-291
  • Baha El Din, Sherif M. (2005) An overview of Egyptian species of Hemidactylus (Gekkonidae), with the description of a new species from the high mountains of South Sinai.: Zoology in the Middle East 34: 11-26
  • Bauer, A.M. (2000) How far north would the gecko move if the gecko could move north?.: Herpetological Review 31 (2): 73
  • Bauer, Aaron M.; Todd R. Jackman, Eli Greenbaum, Varad B. Giri, Anslem de Silva (2010) South Asia supports a major endemic radiation of Hemidactylus geckos.: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57 (1): 343-352
  • Berg, P. & Berg, R. (2010) Herpetologische Eindrücke von der Mittelmeerinsel Ile du Levant, Südfrankreich.: Elaphe 18 (4): 54-61
  • CUNNINGHAM, P. (2009) A contribution to the reptiles of the Farasan Islands, Saudi Arabia.: African Herp News (50): 21-24
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. (1991) A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed.: Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Cooper Jr., W.E. (2005) Duration of movement as a lizard foraging movement variable.: Herpetologica 61 (4): 363-372
  • Cuvier, G. J. L. N. F. D. (1829) Le Regne Animal Distribué, d'apres son Organisation, pur servir de base à l'Histoire naturelle des Animaux et d'introduction à l'Anatomie Comparé. Nouvelle Edition [second edition]. Vol. 2. Les Reptiles.: Déterville, Paris, i-xvi, 1-406
  • Damhoureyeh, S.A.; Qarqaz, M.A.; Baker, M.A.; Himdan, N.; Eid, E. & Amr, Z.S. (2009) Reptiles and Amphibians in Dibbeen Nature Reserve, Jordan.: Vertebrate Zoology 59 (2): 169 – 177
  • Disi, Ahmad M., Zuhair S. Amr and Harald Martens (2004) On a collection of amphibians and reptiles made by J. Klapperich in Jordan.: Herpetozoa 16 (3/4):141-150
  • Dixon, James R. (2000) Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, second edition.: Texas A&M University Press, 421 pp.
  • Farr, William L. (2013) Geographic Distribution: Hemidactylus turcicus (Mediterranean gecko).: Herpetological Review 44 (2): 273
  • Farr, William L. (2014) Hemidactylus turcicus, 15 new county records from southeast Texas, USA.: Herpetological Review 45 (1): 101-102
  • Ferreira, J. Bethencourt (1898) Reptis de Timor no Museu de Lisboa.: Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. (2) 5 (19): 151-156
  • Filella, Eduard (2011) Rècord meridional d'Hemidactylus turcicus per Tunísia.: Bull. Soc. Catalana d'Herp. 19
  • Frick, Michael G. (1997) Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus.: Herpetological Review 28 (1): 50
  • Gholamifard, Ali and Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani (2011) Distribution of Hemidactylus geckos (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) in Fars Province, Southern Iran.: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 5 (1): 1-6
  • Hraoui-Bloquet, S.; Sadek, R.A.; Sindaco, R. & Venchi, A. (2002) The herpetofauna of Lebanon: new data on distribution.: Zoology in the Middle East 27: 35-46
  • Irschick, D.J. Austin, C.C.; Petren, K.; Fisher, R.N.; Losos, J.B. & Ellers, O. (1996) A comparative analysis of clinging ability among pad-bearing lizards.: Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 59: 21-35
  • Jensen, John B.; Carlos D. Camp, Whit Gibbons, & Matt J. Elliott (2008) Amphibians and reptiles of Georgia.: University of Georgia Press, 575 pp.
  • Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson (2015) The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation.: Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329.
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  • Köhler, G. (2000) Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen.: Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp
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  • Lee, J. C. (2000) A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of the Maya world.: Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • Loveridge, A. (1936) New geckos of the genus Hemidactylus from Zanzibar and Manda Islands.: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 49:59-62
  • Loveridge,A. (1947) Revision of the African lizards of the family Gekkondiae.: Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 98: 1-469
  • MORAVEC, JIR?I´; LUKA´S? KRATOCHVI´L, ZUAIR S. AMR, DAVID JANDZIK, JIR?I´ S?MI´D, & VA´CLAV GVOZ?DI´K (2011) High genetic differentiation within the Hemidactylus turcicus complex (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) in the Levant, with comments on the phylogeny and systematics of the genus.: Zootaxa 2894: 21–38
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Dış bağlantılar

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Kaynakça

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  1. ^ Aram Agasyan; Aziz Avci; Boris Tuniyev; Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic; Petros Lymberakis; Claes Andrén; Dan Cogalniceanu; John Wilkinson; Natalia Ananjeva; Nazan Üzüm; Nikolai Orlov; Richard Podloucky; Sako Tuniyev; Uğur Kaya; Milan Vogrin; Claudia Corti; Valentin Pérez Mellado; Paulo Sá-Sousa; Marc Cheylan; Juan Pleguezuelos; Sherif Baha El Din; C. Varol Tok (2009). "Hemidactylus turcicus". IUCN Tehdit Altındaki Türlerin Kırmızı Listesi. 2009: e.T157261A5063993. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T157261A5063993.en Özgürce erişilebilir. Erişim tarihi: 19 Kasım 2021. 
  2. ^ "GBIF". 8 Mart 2024 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2 Mart 2024. 
  3. ^ "Lütfen beni öldürmeyin". Vatan. 9 Temmuz 2012. 5 Eylül 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 Eylül 2017. 
  4. ^ Abdullah Altunışık, Geniş parmaklı keler (Hemidactylus turcicus)’e ait bir populasyonunda yaşam öyküsü özellikleri, 2016, Doi 10.16984/saufenbilder.291938
  5. ^ Texas Invasive Species Institute 2014
  6. ^ Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.
  7. ^ "Texas Invasives". 19 Temmuz 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 8 Mart 2024. 
  8. ^ http://www.conabio.gob.mx/conocimiento/exoticas/fichaexoticas/Hemidactylusturcicus00.pdf 29 Ocak 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. "Vertebrados superiores exóticos en México"
  9. ^ Klawinski, P. (1992). Home range, activity, and spatial distribution of the Mediterranean gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus (Master's Thesis). Nacogdoches, Texas: Stephen F. Austin State University.
  10. ^ a b Rose, Francis L.; Barbour, Clyde D. (1968). "Ecology and Reproductive Cycles of the Introduced Gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus, in the Southern United States". The American Midland Naturalist. 79 (1): 159-168. doi:10.2307/2423161. ISSN 0003-0031. 8 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Ekim 2022. 


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